Academic thoughts on immigration – a European kaleidoscope
PORTUGAL
In 2023, Portugal had a population of 10.25 million people.
Due to emigration and a low fertility rate—1.28 children per woman in 2013, for example—the population was 200,000 higher ten years earlier. Although the fertility rate may slightly recover to 1.45 children per woman, the population is expected to decline by a further 3 percent by 2033.
While the average proportion of third-country nationals in the overall population across Europe is 6.1 percent (Germany: 9.2 percent; Estonia: 16.6 percent), the proportion in Portugal is 5.4 percent.
At 5.7 per 1,000 inhabitants, the number of people under temporary protection in March 2024 was also below the European average (9.4), the German average (15.4), and the Latvian average (25.7), for example.
Sources:
The general data on population and fertility rate are taken from the United Nations:
https://population.un.org/wpp/
The information on third-country nationals and temporary protection comes from the ‘Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2023’:
For insights into perceptions, societal logic, and recommendations based on national experiences, please refer to the interviews below: