LATVIA

In 2023, Latvia had a population of 1.83 million people.

However, ten years earlier, the population was 200,000 higher, primarily due to emigration and, to a lesser extent, a declining birth rate of 1.5 children per woman. Although the birth rate may slightly recover to 1.77 children per woman, the population is expected to decrease by a further 10 percent by 2033.

Approximately 62 percent of the population are Latvians, 24 percent are Russians, and 13.6 percent are third-country nationals. This figure includes 57,000 Ukrainians, among them thousands of refugees.